Freud and Behaviourists Theories Essay - 1617 Words

Freud and Behaviourists Theories In the late 19th and early 20th Century, there were many important theories developed explaining, or trying to explain, human behaviour and personality development. In this essay, I aim to compare and contrast the Freudian Theory and the Theories of the Behaviourists. These were some of the main theories constructed with aims at looking at the way our behaviour is, or isnt, controlled by our personality. The way I have decided to structure this essay is to firstly describe each theory separately. I will make my comparisons between the two theories and finally I will conclude with some criticisms aimed at each theory. Sigmund Freud (1856 - 1939) dedicated†¦show more content†¦The final section is our unconscious mind. This is our store of long term memories or memories that cannot be recalled so easily. We may not even be aware of all the memories within this section because they are stored so deeply within the section but these memories can be triggered unknowingly as a result of sensory stimulation. i.e. a particular smell could trigger a memory of when we first experienced that smell. (Horle, 2002.) Another factor in the makeup of the psychoanalytic theory is Freuds view on personality. He claimed that our personality is made up three elements, the Id, the Ego and the Superego. Three elements interacting with each other and thus governing our behaviour. He said the id is our unconscious reservoir of primitive instincts. This part of our makeup is out to satisfy our basic urges without any consideration of the consequences and without waiting to be polite. The id is totally un-socialised. On the other hand, we have our superego, which consists of ideas influenced by our parents, which restricts us from doing wrong and is set from early childhood before the child gets a chance to question them. This leaves our ego, which is aware of the id, and of the superego, and often finds the two in conflict. It is the job of the ego to balance the other two in order to maximise pleasure and minimiseShow MoreRelatedScience Is The Term For A Unique Means Of Understanding The World1469 Words   |  6 Pagesthey will express their explanations. Scientific theories are logically created and dependant on empirical evidence. Scientific theorising is self-correcting, as when a theory is wrong it will eventually be proved to be so by the findings that are acquired. Scientific theories are not to be deemed as ‘the ultimate truth’ as even if they do account for all the data currently obtainable, there might always be some evidence that develops in the The theories and ideas that researchers submit must be constructedRead MoreThe Psychoanalytical Theory Of Psychology1567 Words   |  7 Pagesto psychology is arguably the first theory of psychology. The psychoanalytical approach is the study of unconscious forces and how these affect our behaviour. Freud was the first to challenge the view that mental disorders were not caused by physical illness. Instead he proposed that psychological factors were responsible. Freud is a key theorist of the psychoanalytical approach. He was an Austrian neurologist who was fascinated w ith studying hysteria. 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Discuss This Statement and Show How a Behaviourist’s Approach to Therapy Is in Stark Contrast to a Psychoanalytic.’2499 Words   |  10 Pages‘Behaviourists explain maladaptive behaviour in terms of the learning principles that sustain and maintain it. Discuss this statement and show how a behaviourist’s approach to therapy is in stark contrast to a psychoanalytic.’ Introduction In this essay I intend to compare and contrast the behaviourist perspective with a psychoanalytical approach to therapy, in relation to the above statement and will explore their fundamental principles and differences. Throughout the centuriesRead MoreChrysalis module four behaviourism stud3023 Words   |  13 Pagesmaladaptive behaviour in terms of the learning principles that sustain and maintain it. Discuss this statement and show how a behaviourist’s approach to therapy is in stark contrast to a psychoanalytic one’ In this essay I will first of all explain the main principles and theories that underpin the behaviourist approach to psychology. I will subsequently outline how behaviourist theory can provide therapists with some insight into both the causes of maladaptive behaviour and how that behaviour might beRead Moreâ€Å"Behaviourists Explain Maladaptive Behaviour in Terms of the Learning Principles That Sustain and Maintain It. Discuss This Statement and Show How a Behaviourist’s Approach to Therapy Is in Stark Contrast to a Psychoanalytic One†.2459 Words   |  10 Pagesâ€Å"Behaviourists explain maladaptive behaviour in terms of the learning principles that sustain and maintain it. Discuss this statement and show how a behaviourist’s approach to therapy is in stark contrast to a psychoanalytic one†. The term ‘therapy’ has been defined as an activity which ‘involves the treatment of a disease or disorder, by some remedial, rehabilitating, or curative process’. Historically, there has been considerable development in the range and types of therapy that can beRead MoreForgetting in Short-term Memory Essay2034 Words   |  9 Pagesthe rate of presentation, the better the recall was which suggests time may be an important factor in forgetting. It has become difficult to isolate the effect of displacement from decay . Decay According to the decay theory, information is lost with the passage of time rather than displacement of memory trace. It is thought that there is a structural change that occurs in the brain when a memory trace is laid down. Hebb (1949) believed that excitation

Streams of Silver 4. The Conjuring Free Essays

string(44) " back into place after Sydney had departed\." A landmark of wonder marked the very center of the City of Sails, a strange building that emanated a powerful aura of magic. Unlike any other structure in all the Forgotten Realms, the Hosttower of the Arcane seemed literally a tree of stone, boasting five tall spires, the largest being the central, and the other four, equally high, growing out of the main trunk with the graceful curving arc of an oak. Nowhere could any sign of the mason be seen; it was obvious to any knowledgeable viewer that magic, not physical labor, had produced this artwork. We will write a custom essay sample on Streams of Silver 4. The Conjuring or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Archmage, undisputed Master of the Hosttower, resided in the central tower, while the other four housed the wizards closest in the line of succession. Each of these lesser towers, representing the four compass directions, dominated a different side of the trunk, and its respective wizard held responsibility for watching over and influencing the events in the direction he overlooked. Thus, the wizard west of the trunk spent his days looking out to sea, and to the merchant ships and pirates riding out on Luskan’s harbor. A conversation in the north spire would have interested the companions from Ten-Towns this day. â€Å"You have done well, Jierdan,† said Sydney, a younger, and lesser, mage in the Hosttower, though displaying enough potential to have gained an apprenticeship with one of the mightiest wizards in the guild. Not a pretty woman, Sydney cared little for physical appearances, instead devoting her energies to her unrelenting pursuit of power. She had spent most of her twenty-five years working toward one goal – the title of Wizard – and her determination and poise gave most around her little doubt about her ability to attain it. Jierdan accepted the praise with a knowing nod, understanding the condescending manner in which it was offered. â€Å"I only performed as I was instructed,† he replied under a facade of humility, tossing a glance to the frail-looking man in brown mottled robes who stood staring out of the room’s sole window. â€Å"Why would they come here?† the wizard whispered to himself. He turned to the others, and they recoiled instinctively from his gaze. He was Dendybar the Mottled, Master of the North Spire, and though he appeared weak from a distance, closer scrutiny revealed a power in the man mightier than bulging muscles. And his well-earned reputation for valuing life far less than the pursuit of knowledge intimidated most who came before him. â€Å"Did the travelers give any reason for coming here?† â€Å"None that I would believe,† Jierdan replied quietly. â€Å"The halfling spoke of scouting out the marketplace, but I – â€Å" â€Å"Not likely,† interrupted Dendybar, speaking more to himself than to the others. â€Å"Those four weigh more into their actions than simply a merchant expedition.† Sydney pressed Jierdan, seeking to keep her high favor with the Master of the North Spire. â€Å"Where are they now?† she demanded. Jierdan didn’t dare fight back against her in front of Dendybar. â€Å"On the docks†¦somewhere,† he said, then shrugged. â€Å"You do not know?† hissed the young mage. â€Å"They were to stay at the Cutlass,† Jierdan retorted. â€Å"But the fight put them out on the street.† â€Å"And you should have followed them!† Sydney scolded, dogging the soldier relentlessly. â€Å"Even a soldier of the city would be a fool to travel alone about the piers at night,† Jierdan shot back. â€Å"It does not matter where they are right now. I have the gates and the piers watched. They cannot leave Luskan without my knowledge!† â€Å"I want them found!† Sydney ordered, but then Dendybar silenced her. â€Å"Leave the watch as it is,† he told Jierdan. â€Å"They must not depart without my knowledge. You are dismissed. Come before me again when you have something to report.† Jierdan snapped to attention and turned to leave, casting one final glare at his competitor for the mottled wizard’s favor as he passed. He was only a soldier, not a budding mage like Sydney, but in Luskan, where the Hosttower of the Arcane was the true, secretive force behind all of the power structures in the city, a soldier did well to find the favor of a wizard. Captains of the guard only attained their positions and privileges with the prior consent of the Hosttower. â€Å"We cannot allow them to roam freely,† argued Sydney when the door had closed behind the departing soldier. â€Å"They shall bring no harm for now,† replied Dendybar. â€Å"Even if the drow carries the artifact with him, it will take him years to understand its potential. Patience, my friend, I have ways of learning what we need to know. The pieces of this puzzle will fit together nicely before much longer.† â€Å"It pains me to think that such power is so close to our grasp,† sighed the eager young mage. â€Å"And in the possession of a novice!† â€Å"Patience,† repeated the Master of the North Spire. * * * Sydney finished lighting the ring of candles that marked the perimeter of the special chamber and moved slowly toward the solitary brazier that stood on its iron tripod just outside the magic circle inscribed upon the floor. It disappointed her to know that once the brazier was also burning, she would be instructed to depart. Savoring every moment in this rarely opened room, considered by many to be the finest conjuring chamber in all the northland, Sydney had many times begged to remain in attendance. But Dendybar never let her stay, explaining that her inevitable inquiries would prove too much of a distraction. And when dealing with the nether worlds, distractions usually proved fatal. Dendybar sat cross-legged within the magic circle, chanting himself into a deep meditative trance and not even aware of Sydney’s actions as she completed the preparations. All of his senses looked inward, searching his own being, to ensure that he was fully prepared for such a task. He had left only one window in his mind open to the outside, a fraction of his awareness hinging on a single cue: the bolt of the heavy door being snapped back into place after Sydney had departed. You read "Streams of Silver 4. The Conjuring" in category "Essay examples" His heavy eyelids cracked open, their narrow line of vision solely fixed upon the fires of the brazier. These flames would be the life of the summoned spirit, giving it a tangible form for the period Dendybar kept it locked to the material plane. â€Å"Ey vesus venerais dimin doer,† the wizard began, chanting slowly at first, then building into a solid rhythm. Swept away by the insistent pull of the casting, as though the spell, once given a flicker of life, drove itself to the completion of its dweomer, Dendybar rolled on through the various inflections and arcane syllables with ease, the sweat on his face reflecting eagerness more than nerves. The mottled wizard reveled in summoning, dominating the will of beings beyond the mortal world through the sheer insistence of his considerable mental strength. This room represented the pinnacle of his studies, the indisputable evidence of the vast boundaries of his powers. This time he was targeting his favorite informant, a spirit that truly despised him, but could not refuse his call. Dendybar came to the climactic point in the casting, the naming. â€Å"Morkai,† he called softly. The brazier’s flame brightened for just an instant. â€Å"Morkai!† Dendybar shouted, tearing the spirit from its hold on the other world. The brazier puffed into a small fireball, then died into blackness, its flames transmuted into the image of a man standing before Dendybar. The wizard’s thin lips curled upward. How ironic, he thought, that the man he had arranged to murder would prove to be his most valuable source of information. The specter of Morkai the Red stood resolute and proud, a fitting image of the mighty wizard he had once been. He had created this very room back in the days when he served the Hosttower in the role of Master of the North Spire. But then Dendybar and his cronies had conspired against him, using his trusted apprentice to drive a dagger into his heart, and thus opening the trail of succession for Dendybar himself to reach the coveted position in the spire. That same act had set a second, perhaps more significant, chain of events into motion, for it was that same apprentice, Akar Kessell, who had eventually come to possess the Crystal Shard, the mighty artifact that Dendybar now believed in Drizzt Do’Urden’s hands. The tales that had filtered down from Ten-Towns of Akar Kessell’s final battle had named the dark elf as the warrior who had brought him down. Dendybar could not know that the Crystal Shard now lay buried beneath a hundred tons of ice and rock on the mountain in Icewind Dale known as Kelvin’s Cairn, lost in the avalanche that had killed Kessell. All that he knew of the tale was that Kessell, the puny apprentice, had nearly conquered all of Icewind Dale with the Crystal Shard and that Drizzt Do’Urden was the last to see Kessell alive. Dendybar wrung his hands eagerly whenever he thought of the power that the relic would bring to a more learned wizard. â€Å"Greetings, Morkai the Red,† Dendybar laughed. â€Å"How polite of you to accept my invitation.† â€Å"I accept every opportunity to gaze upon you, Dendybar the Assassin,† replied the specter. â€Å"I shall know you well when you ride Death’s barge into the darkened realm. Then we shall be on even terms again†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Silence!† Dendybar commanded. Though he would not admit the truth to himself, the mottled wizard greatly feared the day when he would have to face the mighty Morkai again. â€Å"I have brought you here for a purpose,† he told the specter. â€Å"I have no time for your empty threats.† â€Å"Then tell me the service I am to perform,† hissed the specter, â€Å"and let me be gone. Your presence offends me.† Dendybar fumed, but did not continue the argument. Time worked against a wizard in a spell of summoning, for it drained him to hold a spirit on the material plane, and each second that passed weakened him a little bit more. The greatest danger in this type of spell was that the conjuror would attempt to hold control for too long, until he found himself too weak to control the entity he had summoned. â€Å"A simple answer is all that I require from you this day, Morkai,† Dendybar said, carefully selecting each word as he went. Morkai noted the caution and suspected that Dendybar was hiding something. â€Å"Then what is the question?† the specter pressed. Dendybar held to his cautious pace, considering every word before he spoke it. He did not want Morkai to get any hint of his motives in seeking the drow, for the specter would surely pass the information across the planes. Many powerful beings, perhaps even the spirit of Morkai himself, would go after such a powerful relic if they had any idea of the shard’s whereabouts. â€Å"Four travelers, one a drow elf, came to Luskan from Icewind Dale this day,† the mottled wizard explained. â€Å"What business do they have in the city? Why are they here?† Morkai scrutinized his nemesis, trying to find the reason for the question. â€Å"That is a query better asked of your city guard,† he replied. â€Å"Surely the guests stated their business upon entering the gate.† â€Å"But I have asked you!† Dendybar screamed, exploding suddenly in rage. Morkai was stalling, and each passing second now took its toll on the mottled wizard. The essence of Morkai had lost little power in death, and he fought stubbornly against the spell’s binding dweomer. Dendybar snapped open a parchment before him. â€Å"I have a dozen of these penned already,† he warned. Morkai recoiled. He understood the nature of the writing, a scroll that revealed the true name of his very being. And once read, stripping the veil of secrecy from the name and laying bare the privacy of his soul, Dendybar would invoke the true power of the scroll, using offkey inflections of tone to distort Morkai’s name and disrupt the harmony of his spirit, thus racking him to the core of his being. â€Å"How long shall I search for your answers?† Morkai asked. Dendybar smiled at his victory, though the drain on him continued to heighten. â€Å"Two hours,† he replied without delay, having carefully decided the length of the search before the summoning, choosing a time limit that would give Morkai enough opportunity to find some answers, but not long enough to allow the spirit to learn more than he should. Morkai smiled, guessing the motives behind the decision. He snapped backward suddenly and was gone in a puff of smoke, the flames that had sustained his form relegated back to their brazier to await his return. Dendybar’s relief was immediate. Although he still had to concentrate to keep the gate to the planes in place, the pull against his will and the drain on his power lessened considerably when the spirit had gone. Morkai’s willpower had nearly broken him during their encounter, and Dendybar shook his head in disbelief that the old master could reach out from the grave so mightily. A shudder ran up his spine as he pondered his wisdom in plotting against one so powerful. Every time he summoned Morkai, he was reminded that his own day of reckoning would surely come. Morkai had little trouble in learning about the four adventurers. In fact, the specter already knew much about them. He had taken a great interest in Ten-Towns during his reign as Master of the North Spire, and his curiosity had not died with his body. Even now, he often looked in on the doings in Icewind Dale, and anyone who concerned himself with Ten-Towns in recent months knew something of the four heroes. Morkai’s continued interest in the world he had left behind was not an uncommon trait in the spirit world. Death altered the ambitions of the soul, replacing the love of material or social gains with an eternal hunger for knowledge. Some spirits had looked down upon the Realms for centuries untold, simply collecting information and watching the living go about their lives. Perhaps it was envy for the physical sensations they could no longer feel. But whatever the reason, the wealth of knowledge in a single spirit often outweighed the collected works in all of the libraries in the Realms combined. Morkai learned much in the two hours Dendybar had alotted him. His turn now came to choose his words carefully. He was compelled to satisfy the summoner’s request, but he intended to answer in as cryptic and ambiguous a manner as he possibly could. * * * Dendybar’s eyes glinted when he saw the brazier’s flames begin their telltale dance once again. Had it been two hours already? he wondered, for his rest seemed much shorter, and he felt that he had not fully recovered from his first encounter with the specter. He could not refute the dance of the flames, though. He straightened himself and tucked his ankles in closer, tightening and securing his cross-legged, meditative position. The ball of fire puffed in its climactic throes and Morkai appeared before him. The specter stood back obediently, not offering any information until Dendybar specifically asked for it. The complete story behind the visit of the four friends to Luskan remained sketchy to Morkai, but he had learned much of their quest, and more than he wanted Dendybar to find out about. He still hadn’t discerned the true intentions behind the mottled wizard’s inquiries, but felt certain that Dendybar was up to no good, whatever his goals. â€Å"What is the purpose of the visit?† Dendybar demanded, angry at Morkai’s stalling tactics. â€Å"You yourself have summoned me,† Morkai responded slyly. â€Å"I am compelled to appear.† â€Å"No games!† growled the mottled wizard. He glared at the specter, fingering the scroll of torment in open threat. Notorious for answering literally, beings from other planes often flustered their conjurors by distorting the connotative meaning of a question’s exact wording. Dendybar smiled in concession to the specter’s simple logic and clarified the question. â€Å"What is the purpose of the visit to Luskan by the four travelers from Icewind Dale?† â€Å"Varied reasons,† Morkai replied. â€Å"One has come in search of the homeland of his father, and his father before him.† â€Å"The Drow?† Dendybar asked, trying to find some way to link his suspicions that Drizzt planned to return to the underworld of his birth with the Crystal Shard. Perhaps an uprising by the dark elves, using the power of the shard? â€Å"Is it the drow who seeks his homeland?† â€Å"Nay,† replied the specter, pleased that Dendybar had fallen off on a tangent, delaying the more specific, and more dangerous line of questioning. The passing minutes would soon begin to dissipate Dendybar’s hold upon the specter, and Morkai hoped that he could find a way to get free of the mottled wizard before revealing too much about Bruenor’s company. â€Å"Drizzt Do’Urden has forsaken his homeland altogether. He shall never return to the bowels of the world, and certainly not with his dearest friends in tow!† â€Å"Then who?† â€Å"Another of the four flees from danger at his back,† Morkai offered, twisting the line of inquiry. â€Å"Who seeks his homeland?† Dendybar demanded more emphatically. â€Å"The dwarf, Bruenor Battlehammer,† replied Morkai, compelled to obey. â€Å"He seeks his birthplace, Mithril Hall, and his friends have joined in his quest. Why does this interest you? The companions have no connection to Luskan, and pose no threat to the Hosttower.† â€Å"I did not summon you here to answer your questions!† Dendybar scolded. â€Å"Now tell me who is running from danger. And what is the danger?† â€Å"Behold,† the specter instructed. With a wave of his hand, Morkai imparted an image upon the mind of the mottled wizard, a picture of a black-cloaked rider wildly charging across the tundra. The horse’s bridle was white with lather, but the rider pressed the beast onward relentlessly. â€Å"The halfling flees from this man,† Morkai explained, â€Å"though the rider’s purpose remains a mystery to me.† Telling Dendybar even this much angered the specter, but Morkai could not yet resist the commands of his nemesis. He felt the bonds of the wizard’s will loosening, though, and suspected that the summoning neared its end. Dendybar paused to consider the information. Nothing of what Morkai had told him gave any direct link to the Crystal Shard, but he had learned, at least, that the four friends did not mean to stay in Luskan for very long. And he had discovered a potential ally, a further source of information. The black-cloaked rider must be mighty indeed to have set the halfling’s formidable troupe fleeing down the road. Dendybar was beginning to formulate his next moves, when a sudden insistent pull of Morkai’s stubborn resistance broke his concentration. Enraged, he shot a threatening glare back at the specter and began unrolling the parchment. â€Å"Impudent!† he growled, and though he could have stretched out his hold on the specter a bit longer if he had put his energies into a battle of wills, he started reciting the scroll. Morkai recoiled, though he had consciously provoked Dendybar to this point. The specter could accept the racking, for it signaled the end of the inquisition. And Morkai was glad that Dendybar hadn’t forced him to reveal the events even farther from Luskan, back in the dale just beyond the borders of Ten-Towns. As Dendybar’s recitations twanged discordantly on the harmony of his soul, Morkai removed the focal point of his concentration across hundreds of miles, back to the image of the merchant caravan now one day out from Bremen, the closest of the Ten Towns, and to the image of the brave young woman who had joined up with the traders. The specter took comfort in the knowledge that she had, for a while at least, escaped the probings of the mottled wizard. Not that Morkai was altruistic; he had never been accused of an abundance of that trait. He simply took great satisfaction in hindering in any way he could the knave who had arranged his murder. * * * Catti-brie’s red-brown locks tossed about her shoulders. She sat high up on the lead wagon of the merchant caravan that had set out from Ten-Towns on the previous day, bound for Luskan. Unbothered by the chill breeze, she kept her eyes on the road ahead, searching for some sign that the assassin had passed that way. She had relayed information about Entreri to Cassius, and he would pass it along to the dwarves. Catti-brie wondered now if she had been justified in sneaking away with the merchant caravan before Clan Battlehammer could organize its own chase. But only she had seen the assassin at work. She knew well that if the dwarves went after him in a frontal assault, their caution wiped away in their lust of revenge for Fender and Grollo, many more of the clan would die. Selfishly, perhaps, Catti-brie had determined that the assassin was her own business. He had unnerved her, had stripped away years of training and discipline and reduced her to the quivering semblance of a frightened child. But she was a young woman now, no more a girl. She had to personally respond to that emotional humiliation, or the scars from it would haunt her to her grave, forever paralyzing her along her path to discover her true potential in life. She would find her friends in Luskan and warn them of the danger at their backs, and then together they would take care of Artemis Entreri. â€Å"We make a strong pace,† the lead driver assured her, sympathetic to her desire for haste. Catti-brie did not look at him; her eyes rooted on the flat horizon before her. â€Å"Me heart tells me ’tisn’t strong enough,† she lamented. The driver looked at her curiously, but had learned better than to press her on the point. She had made it clear to them from the start that her business was private. And being the adopted daughter of Bruenor Battlehammer, and reputedly a fine fighter in her own right, the merchants had counted themselves lucky to have her along and had respected her desire for privacy. Besides, as one of the drivers had so eloquently argued during their informal meeting before the journey, â€Å"The notion of staring at an ox’s ass for near to three-hunnerd miles makes the thought o’ having that girl along for company sit well with me!† They had even moved up their departure date to accommodate her. â€Å"Do not worry, Catti-brie,† the driver assured her, â€Å"we’ll get you there!† Catti-brie shook her blowing hair out of her face and looked into the sun as it set on the horizon before her. â€Å"But can it be in time?† she asked softly and rhetorically, knowing that her whisper would break apart in the wind as soon as it passed her lips. How to cite Streams of Silver 4. The Conjuring, Essay examples

Sex Trafficking Throughout Eastern Europe Essay Example For Students

Sex Trafficking Throughout Eastern Europe Essay Sex Trafficking in Eastern Europe The women and children of Eastern Europe are no longer safe. Not in their own homes not anywhere. There are many reasons why the citizens are not safe. Due to poverty and inhuman living conditions, these citizens will do anything to get out. Even, if the only way is to put themselves in dangerous or life threatening situations. It is mostly women that put themselves in these situations. Some of these women do not care if they are tricked into doing vile, disgusting acts for other and sadly the children have no option. Yet the children are dragged into it anyway. These acts are also known as Human Sex Trafficking. Or a branch off of human trafficking. Many believe that Sex Trafficking in Europe is a crime against humanity. And do not know how to stop it from occurring. This shows that Eastern Europe is no longer a safe place because over the past decayed Sex Trafficking is at an all-time high and everyone is affected. Who is really affected in Eastern Europe? Of the citizens affected women are the most prevalent. Women do not have a positive outlook on life, epically if the job they are promised is not the job they receive. For all they know they could be tricked into a horrible fate. Which often enough is what actually happens â€Å"Women in Eastern Europe are being tricked into modern day slavery, sex trafficking† (Boyd). Many women have been tricked into this line of work, and they often have no choice in the matter. Due to it being such a common occurrence. Even someone like â€Å"Maria who was a thirty year old woman, was promised a high paying job by men, but instead she is forced into prostitution† (â€Å"Sex Trafficking Prey†). And even after she got out her life was never the same. Maria is not the on. . ed, there will be a better chance to stop Sex Trafficking from the inside. By stopping Sex Trafficking from the inside, the people will be getting to the core of the problem and then hopefully saving millions of women and children’s lives. So over-all no one is safe in Eastern Europe. Women and children are being forced into the horrifying sex industry. Without a choice or say in the matter. Citizens cannot trust anyone, not their friends, neighbors or, their own family. Even with the organizations in place to help stop sex trafficking, there is very little progress being made. Since, the people are still living in denial or enjoying the serves to much to care. Not even when it may or may not be a family member who is being taken from their lives just too be a part of this ever growing industry. So yes, a crime against humanity is exactly what sex trafficking is.

Social Class and Correct Answer Essay Example

Social Class and Correct Answer Paper * Question 1 0 out of 2 points | | | Why is ideology more effective than force as a means to maintain stratification? Answer| | | | | Selected Answer:|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ideology appeals to reason, and people naturally prefer reason over coercion. | Correct Answer:|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Coercion is ineffective because it breeds hostility and nourishes rebellion. | | | | | * Question 2 2 out of 2 points | | | What is the ideology supporting the concept that a societys ruler is Gods direct representative on earth to administer justice and punish evil doers? Answer| | | | | Selected Answer:|   Ã‚  Ã‚  the divine right of kings| Correct Answer:|   Ã‚  Ã‚  the divine right of kings| | | | | * Question 3 2 out of 2 points | | | What name is given to the association of wealthy and powerful nations that meets regularly to discuss global issues and determine world economic policy? Answer| | | | | Selected Answer:|   Ã‚  Ã‚  the Group of Eight| Correct Answer:|   Ã‚  Ã‚  the Group of Eight| | | | | * Question 4 2 out of 2 points | | | Mahashury is a member of the Vaishya caste. In view of this, which of the following occupations or positions does she hold in her community? Answer| | | | | Selected Answer:|   Ã‚  Ã‚  She is a trader who brings silk and fine cloth to New Delhi to sell to the wealthy. | Correct Answer:|   Ã‚  Ã‚  She is a trader who brings silk and fine cloth to New Delhi to sell to the wealthy. | | | | | * Question 5 2 out of 2 points | | | What name describes companies that operate across many national boundaries which helps the Most Industrialized Nations maintain global dominance? Answer| | | | | Selected Answer:|   Ã‚  Ã‚  multinational corporations| Correct Answer:|   Ã‚  Ã‚  multinational corporations| | | | | * Question 6 2 out of 2 points | | What is the explanation of global stratification that includes core nations, semiperiphery nations, periphery nations, and external areas? Answer| | | | | Selected Answer:|   Ã‚  Ã‚  world system theory| Correct Answer:|   Ã‚  Ã‚  world system theory| | | | | * Question 7 2 out of 2 points | | | Who was the American sociologist who studied race relations in the post-Civil War Sou th and characterized the entire white South as an armed camp to keep Negroes in slavery and to kill the black rebel? Answer| | | | | Selected Answer:|   Ã‚  Ã‚  W. E. B. DuBois| Correct Answer:|   Ã‚  Ã‚  W. E. B. DuBois| | | | * Question 8 2 out of 2 points | | | Workers in the  maquiladoras  along the United States and Mexican border make $10 a day which is only a fraction of what American workers were paid to do the same work. Why is it unlikely, however, that the Mexican workers will go on strike to demand better wages? Answer| | | | | Selected Answer:|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Workers in other nations are eager to do the work for only a dollar or two a day. | Correct Answer:|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Workers in other nations are eager to do the work for only a dollar or two a day. | | | | | * Question 9 2 out of 2 points | | What classification of nations contains 16 percent of the worlds population, 31 percent of the worlds land, and are concentrated in the northern hemisphere? Answer| | | | | Selected Answer:|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Most Industrialized Nations| Correct Answer:|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Most Industrialized Nations| | | | | * Question 10 0 out of 2 points | | | In Kuwait, Qatar, and the United Arab Emirates what is the unique status for which young boys are enslaved? Answer| | | | | Selected Answer:|   Ã‚  Ã‚  To perform work in small places such as attics and wells. | Correct Answer:|   Ã‚  Ã‚  To serve as jockeys in camel races. | | | | | * Question 11 2 out of 2 points | | Which statement best summarizes what Karl Marx predicted regarding the differences in social classes within a society? Answer| | | | | Selected Answer:|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Workers will revolt when they overcome the class consciousness that blinds them. | Correct Answer:|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Workers will revolt when they overcome the class consciousness that blinds them. | | | | | * Question 12 2 out of 2 points | | | In the three-world model, what quality distinguishes a First World nation? Answer| | | | | Selected Ans wer:|   Ã‚  Ã‚  a capitalist economy| Correct Answer:|   Ã‚  Ã‚  a capitalist economy| | | | | * Question 13 2 out of 2 points | | What is the major means by which neocolonialists maintain their superiority and control over other nations of the world? Answer| | | | | Selected Answer:|   Ã‚  Ã‚  They manipulate trade and the debt owed by the weaker nations. | Correct Answer:|   Ã‚  Ã‚  They manipulate trade and the debt owed by the weaker nations. | | | | | * Question 14 2 out of 2 points | | | In democracies, what are the two methods used by the ruling elite to control information? Answer| | | | | Selected Answer:|   Ã‚  Ã‚  technology and the selective release of information| Correct Answer:|   Ã‚  Ã‚  technology and the selective release of information| | | | | Question 15 2 out of 2 points | | | Traditionally, what were the three factors on which slavery was based? Answer| | | | | Selected Answer:|   Ã‚  Ã‚  war, debt, crime| Correct Answer:|   Ã‚  Ã‚  war, debt, crime| | | | | * Question 16 2 out of 2 points | | | Who was the sociologist who argued that stratification applies only to societies that have at least minimal resources and can accumulate surpluses? Answer| | | | | Selected Answer:|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Gerhard Lenski| Correct Answer:|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Gerhard Lenski| | | | | * Question 17 2 out of 2 points | | | What is the lowest caste in Indias caste system? Answer| | | | | Selected Answer:|   Ã‚  Ã‚  the Dalit| We will write a custom essay sample on Social Class and Correct Answer specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Social Class and Correct Answer specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Social Class and Correct Answer specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Correct Answer:|   Ã‚  Ã‚  the Dalit| | | | | * Question 18 2 out of 2 points | | | In the former Soviet Union what was the major basis of stratification? Answer| | | | | Selected Answer:|   Ã‚  Ã‚  political position within the Communist Party| Correct Answer:|   Ã‚  Ã‚  political position within the Communist Party| | | | | * Question 19 2 out of 2 points | | | In the New World, what group did the colonists first attempt to enslave, even though this effort failed? Answer| | | | | Selected Answer:|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Native Americans| Correct Answer:|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Native Americans| | | | | * Question 20 2 out of 2 points | | What are the three most  important variables in determining ones place in the social stratification system? Answer| | | | | Selected Answer:|   Ã‚  Ã‚  property, power, prestige| Correct Answer:|   Ã‚  Ã‚  property, power, prestige| | | | | - * Question 1 0 out of 2 points | | | Why is ideology more effective than force as a means to maintain stratification? Answer| | | | | Selected Answer:|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ideology appeals to reason, and people naturally prefer reason over coercion. | Correct Answer:|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Coercion is ineffective because it breeds hostility and nourishes rebellion. | | | | * Question 2 2 out of 2 points | | | What is the ideology supporting the concept that a societys ruler is Gods direct representative on earth to administer justice and punish evil doers? Answer| | | | | Selected Answer:|   Ã‚  Ã‚  the divine right of kings| Correct Answer:|   Ã‚  Ã‚  the divine right of kings| | | | | * Question 3 2 out of 2 points | | | What name is given to the association of wealthy and powerful nations that meets regularly to discuss global issues and determine world economic policy? Answer| | | | | Selected Answer:|   Ã‚  Ã‚  the Group of Eight| Correct Answer:|   Ã‚  Ã‚  the Group of Eight| | | | * Question 4 2 out of 2 points | | | Mahashury is a member of the Vaishya caste. In view of this, which of the following occupations or positions does she hold in her community? Answer| | | | | Selected Answer:|   Ã‚  Ã‚  She is a trader who brings silk and fine cloth to New Delhi to sell to the wealthy. | Correct Answer:|   Ã‚  Ã‚  She is a trader who brings silk and fine cloth to New Delhi to sell to the wealthy. | | | | | * Question 5 2 out of 2 points | | | What name describes companies that operate across many national boundaries which helps the Most Industrialized Nations maintain global dominance? Answer| | | | | Selected Answer:|   Ã‚  Ã‚  multinational corporations| Correct Answer:|   Ã‚  Ã‚  multinational corporations| | | | | * Question 6 2 out of 2 points | | | What is the explanation of global stratification that includes core nations, semiperiphery nations, periphery nations, and external areas? Answer| | | | | Selected Answer:|   Ã‚  Ã‚  world system theory| Correct Answer:|   Ã‚  Ã‚  world system theory| | | | | * Question 7 2 out of 2 points | | | Who was the American sociologist who studied race relations in the post-Civil War South and characterized the entire white South as an armed camp to keep Negroes in slavery and to kill the black rebel? Answer| | | | | Selected Answer:|   Ã‚  Ã‚  W. E. B. DuBois| Correct Answer:|   Ã‚  Ã‚  W. E. B. DuBois| | | | | * Question 8 2 out of 2 points | | | Workers in the  maquiladoras  along the United States and Mexican border make $10 a day which is only a fraction of what American workers were paid to do the same work. Why is it unlikely, however, that the Mexican workers will go on strike to demand better wages? Answer| | | | | Selected Answer:|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Workers in other nations are eager to do the work for only a dollar or two a day. | Correct Answer:|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Workers in other nations are eager to do the work for only a dollar or two a day. | | | | * Question 9 2 out of 2 points | | | What classification of nations contains 16 percent of the worlds population, 31 percent of the worlds land, and are concentrated in the northern hemisphere? Answer| | | | | Selected Answer:|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Most Industrialized Nations| Correct Answer:|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Most Industrialized Nations| | | | | * Question 10 0 out of 2 points | | | In Kuwait, Qatar, and the United Arab Emirates what is the unique status for which young boys are enslaved? Answer| | | | | Selected Answer:|   Ã‚  Ã‚  To perform work in small places such as attics and wells. Correct Answer:|   Ã‚  Ã‚  To serve as jockeys in camel races. | | | | | * Question 11 2 out of 2 points | | | Which statement best summarizes what Karl Marx predicted regarding the differences in social classes within a society? Answer| | | | | Selected Answer:|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Workers will revolt when they overcome the class consciousness that blinds them. | Correct Answer:|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Workers will revolt when they overcome the class consciousness that blinds them. | | | | | * Question 12 2 out of 2 points | | | In the three-world model, what quality distinguishes a First World nation? Answer| | | | | Selected Answer:|   Ã‚  Ã‚  a capitalist economy| Correct Answer:|   Ã‚  Ã‚  a capitalist economy| | | | | * Question 13 2 out of 2 points | | | What is the major means by which neocolonialists maintain their superiority and control over other nations of the world? Answer| | | | | Selected Answer:|   Ã‚  Ã‚  They manipulate trade and the debt owed by the weaker nations. | Correct Answer:|   Ã‚  Ã‚  They manipulate trade and the debt owed by the weaker nations. | | | | | * Question 14 2 out of 2 points | | | In democracies, what are the two methods used by the ruling elite to control information? Answer| | | | | Selected Answer:|   Ã‚  Ã‚  technology and the selective release of information| Correct Answer:|   Ã‚  Ã‚  technology and the selective release of information| | | | | * Question 15 2 out of 2 points | | | Traditionally, what were the three factors on which slavery was based? Answer| | | | | Selected Answer:|   Ã‚  Ã‚  war, debt, crime| Correct Answer:|   Ã‚  Ã‚  war, debt, crime| | | | | * Question 16 2 out of 2 points | | | Who was the sociologist who argued that stratification applies only to societies that have at least minimal resources and can accumulate surpluses? Answer| | | | | Selected Answer:|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Gerhard Lenski| Correct Answer:|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Gerhard Lenski| | | | | * Question 17 2 out of 2 points | | | What is the lowest caste in Indias caste system? Answer| | | | | Selected Answer:|   Ã‚  Ã‚  the Dalit| Correct Answer:|   Ã‚  Ã‚  the Dalit| | | | | * Question 18 2 out of 2 points | | | In the former Soviet Union what was the major basis of stratification? Answer| | | | | Selected Answer:|   Ã‚  Ã‚  political position within the Communist Party| Correct Answer:|   Ã‚  Ã‚  political position within the Communist Party| | | | * Question 19 2 out of 2 points | | | In the New World, what group did the colonists first attempt to enslave, even though this effort failed? Answer| | | | | Selected Answer:|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Native Americans| Correct Answer:|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Native Americans| | | | | * Question 20 2 out of 2 points | | | What are the three most  important variables in determining ones place in the social stratification syste m? Answer| | | | | Selected Answer:|   Ã‚  Ã‚  property, power, prestige| Correct Answer:|   Ã‚  Ã‚  property, power, prestige| | | | |

Registered Nurse essays

Registered Nurse essays The light shined on the patient. She had beads of sweat on her forehead and her cheeks were as red as apples. I looked across the bed and saw her husband holding her hand as tightly as possible while he held her knee up with the other. His face was full with excitement as his baby was to be born right before his eyes. I look to my right and see the doctor concentrating intensely on the delivery. I see the head, keep pushing, keep pushing! The doctor said as his voice grew louder. I count loud enough so that the patient can hear my instructions clearly. As I counted to seven, everybody in the room heard a loud cry. Like music to my ears. Its a boy! Said the doctor as he held the baby up so that the father could cut the umbilical cord. Then I looked down, and was in shock to see myself lying down on the hospital bed instead of the patient before. It was me; I was the one having the baby. I look across the bed and I see my mom squeezing my hand very tightly. Then all of a sudden I hear a baby cry as well as a buzzer. The buzzer kept getting louder and louder. I wake up. I then realize that I was having a dream about work the day before and then of when I had my child back in 2004, sixteen years ago. I turn off the alarm and lie back down to reminisce about all the obstacles that I had encountered throughout my life already. The biggest obstacle came to me at the very young age of seventeen years old. I became a single teen mother during my senior year of high school. But that did not stop me from achieving anything. Although fulfilling the task of being a working mother while finishing high school was slightly difficult, the hardest part started when I began college. My schedule was completely was absol utely full, but my plan was to take one tast at a time. My schedule was consisted of but not limited to the following; taking care of my son, turning in completed assignments on time ...

Are You on Google+ Users Beware!

Are You on Google+ Users Beware! I don’t know about you, but I get frightened easily. Especially by how much Google knows about me. Yesterday my office chair fell apart and so I did a Google search for a balance ball chair; in the right margin, up came an advertisement for Jockey underwear. Let’s see: I ordered from Jockey yesterday. Do they really think I need *more* underwear today? Maybe the bots aren’t smart enough to know whether I actually purchased that item or just browsed and might need a reminder to pull the trigger. Or maybe they can’t tell what items are likely to be re-purchased and which will last me the next two years? I mean, if I purchase bus tickets to Chicago I very well might need them again next week. But underwear? In any case, Google knows me well. Too well. And now they’re invading even more. As of November 11, Google is able to tell my friends, family and colleagues that I endorse certain products, unless I opt out. My picture and even quotations from me can be used in ads for these items! Here’s what Google has to say about their new policy: Here are a few examples of shared endorsements on Google. The Summertime Spas example below shows a shared endorsement displayed in an ad: Setting: Shared Endorsements in Ads This setting below allows you to limit the use of your name and photo in shared endorsements in ads. It applies only to actions that Google displays within ads; the Summertime Spas example above shows a shared endorsement appearing in an ad on Google Search. Changing this setting does not impact how your name and photo might look in a shared endorsement that is not in an ad - for example, when you share a music recommendation that is displayed in the Play Store. You can limit the visibility of activity outside of ads by deleting the activity or changing its visibility settings. So after I buy my balance ball chair, and especially if I write a review of that chair, my connections may get ads telling them that I recommend the chair. Yikes! As a businesswoman, this frightens me even more than having Jockey underwear ads pop up in my browser. I do *not* want to use my position of respect (dare I say influence?) to sell products unrelated to my field. How obnoxious! And to make matters worse, Google won’t even give me a piece of the pie if my influence leads to a sale (yes I am mercenary too). Thankfully, there is a way to opt out. But insidiously, I received no announcement from Google warning me about this change in their privacy policy. Instead, I heard about it through my networks. It will not surprise me if a petition starts circulating asking Google to have the default setting be that someone’s picture and information can NOT be used to promote products. But as of now, it’s up to me and others like me to spread the word. If you have a problem with this policy, please take the opportunity to opt out. Note: If you joined Google+ after October 15, it seems you are automatically opted out. If your account is older than that, the default is to opt you in. Beware! I may as well take this opportunity to invite you to connect with me on Google+. I happen to know that many of you have accounts, since I am already connected to you. And since I opted out of this Google+ craziness, you don’t have to worry about Brenda-endorsed Jockey ads appearing on your computer screen! Finally, if you do start getting strangely endorsed advertisements, you may want to let the alleged endorser know. That person probably wants to know how to stop the madness. Category:Social MediaBy Brenda BernsteinNovember 19, 2013 4 Comments Penelope J says: November 19, 2013 at 9:21 pm Funny, I had the same problem with Jockey underwear a year ago. Ads kept popping up when I clicked on links and blogs. All I did was check if name was capitalized or generic. Log in to Reply Patrick G says: November 20, 2013 at 5:45 pm Yep that is scary Brenda thanks for sharing the details. I recently asked Google to make some of my personal information private as it was showing up on websites that I did not give permission to. What might be even scarier is when Google forces all the millions of email users to sign up for Google+ accounts. If you do not you may face the reality of not being able to read your email. Log in to Reply donitta says: December 2, 2013 at 7:07 pm Thanks so much! My G+ account is older, so I did need to go in and opt out. I really try to limit how much of me gets out there in that fashion, so I really appreciate your warning! Log in to Reply The Essay Expert says: December 2, 2013 at 8:36 pm Youre welcome Donitta! Log in to Reply

Educational Standards and Principles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Educational Standards and Principles - Essay Example The administration of the educational organizations should ensure that each and every affair of the institution is completely complying with the policies and principles set by the school authorities. If an institution falters in any of the ethical standards then that means that it has failed in the principles set by the education system. There should be maximum effort to comply with the ethical standards because if an organization falters here then the whole reputation of the organization is at stake. The following are the important ethical standards: 1. Educational Research Population: As mentioned in the website of American Educational Research Association (AERA) "Educational researchers conduct research within a broad array of settings and institutions, including schools, colleges, universities, hospitals, and prisons. It is of paramount importance that educational researchers respect the rights, privacy, dignity, and sensitivities of their research populations and also the integrity of the institutions within which the research occurs." (Para.1) This is a principle, which is termed as 'preamble' by AERA. Apart from this principle there are other principles like, with the children and other vulnerable group of the research population, the educational researchers should be exceptionally careful. Under the 'standard section' of the AERA website, many explanations of how the preamble or principle should be followed is given. Hence the principle is a concise statement of the plan of action while standard is an elaborate explanatio n of how and to what level of perfection this plan of action should be carried out. Thus the AERA website that focuses on the educational research population, in order to make understand one paragraph of principles eleven points of standards have been mentioned. For example "Participants have the right to withdraw from the study at any time, unless otherwise constrained by their official capacities or roles." (Aera, para.6) is an example of the standard related to the set principle. This website is an excellent way to find out the difference between educational standards and principles in the context of educational research population. 2.Intellectual Ownership: The authors and poets who have creatively produced a piece of prose or poetry are considered to have intellectual ownership of their work. This is an educational principle whereas points like "Clerical or mechanical contributions to an intellectual product are not grounds for ascribing authorship. Examples of such technical contributions are: typing, routine data collection or analysis, routine editing, and participation in staff meetings." (AERA, para.5) is an example of the many standards that revolve around the principle of intellectual ownership. 3.Sponsors, Policymaker, and Other Uses: In the field of education many principles are framed keeping the sponsors and policy makers in mind. Sponsors are an integral part of the entire education system as all educational endeavors are successful only due to them. Whereas policy makers are the backbone for the proper functioning of the entire educational system. It is due to the sponsors and policy makers, that the different educational princ

Personal statement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 27

Personal statement - Essay Example My interest in business grew with time. Also, there was a time when I had to help both my sister and cousin in their business. They were selling souvenir gifts for several celebration events, such as national day, weddings and Henna nights. I took the responsibility of dealing with costumers, receiving their calls and coordinating with them. Furthermore, I came up with beneficial ideas for marketing their products. We started with an official Instagram account to display photographs of their work and we supported this by placing advertisements in daily newspapers. Our elegant souvenirs won the admiration of many people and we did transactions with a quantum of well known companies. Handling such customers demanded high level of confidence and good communication skills. It also required good product knowledge, which means I had to have good memory. During my high school education years, I had many honorable scientific achievements. I was voted in as the scientific researches club president by students. I presented my school in the Qatari high schools scientific researches competition. Our school was ranked in the top ten and we were able to reach the playoffs. Moreover, I had been chosen from the school Academic Advisor to be one of the five girls to examine the Pisa International Exam. As a participant, this improved my time management ability as well as my ability to meet deadlines. Moreover, I learnt that success demands hard work and setting priorities effectively. I have also discovered the importance of volunteering, especially when it becomes evident that you have made some changes that better the lives of other people who in one way or the other lost hope. That happened through the volunteering in Qatar Charity. I used to transfer funds from donors to facilitate the construction of mosques and projects to help countrie s suffering from famine and persecution. What a wonderful feeling when you hear the word â€Å"

The Things They Carried by Tim OBrien Essay Example for Free

The Things They Carried by Tim OBrien Essay Rationale The intention of the following text is to elaborate the use of meta-fiction and narrative layering in Tim OÊ ¼BrienÊ ¼s The Things They Carried through writing a narrated interview with Tim OÊ ¼Brien regarding Part FourÊ ¼s study: Literature and Critical Study. Using quotations/transcriptions of Tim OÊ ¼BrienÊ ¼s statements within the fictional interview will support the structure of the text accordingly as a narration of an interview. First, I will address Tim OÊ ¼BrienÊ ¼s brief biography regarding his career, education and works. The narration will continue with an introduction from the interviewer, briefly regarding his works and the incorporation of observed application of meta-fiction and narrative layering. Then, a personal acknowledgement of the use of meta-fiction and narrative layering in his work, The Things They Carried, will be mentioned discreetly and indirectly. Several techniques used to break down Tim OÊ ¼BrienÊ ¼s work in aims to identify the usage of these literary devices will be addressed – then the narration will be preceded by several questions and answers addressing the application, role, and purpose of the usage of meta-fiction and narrative layering; this will be supported by direct contextual examples from the text studied. A brief re-cap on the definitions of both literary devices will be addressed. The closing of the interview aims to emphasize the coherent application and purpose of these techniques in the intervieweeÊ ¼s work. Narrated Fictional Interview Tim OÊ ¼Brien, an American citizen, is acknowledged as a novelist and/or a short story writer. He is highly recognized for his work, The Things They Carried. His works are under the genre of memoirs and war stories, more specifically those correlated with the Vietnam War, or as he would refer to it as the Vietnam Conflict. Neal Conan and Michiko Kakutani defines his work, The Things They Carried, as â€Å"a critically acclaimed collection of semiautobiographical, inter-related short-stories inspired by OBriens  experiences in the Vietnam War.† A stellar student, he was the president of the student body and earned his degree in Political Science in 1968 – after he graduated, instead of paving his own career path, he was drafted to join the United States Army. Sent to Vietnam, he was on duty until the 1970s. After his duty, he continued his studies in Harvard University, which lead him to his career as a writer. After being drafted and earning his graduate school degre e, Tim OÊ ¼Brien wrote in his memoir, â€Å"Can the foot soldier teach anything important about war, merely for having been there? I think not. He can tell war stories.† And so he did just that, he told war stories. Having the privilege of interviewing him personally, I addressed and accredited him for his excellent works – both for serving in Vietnam and his works as a writer. I planned to ask him regarding his work, The Things They Carried, to ask him regarding the observations of the usage of meta-fiction and narrative layering. I thought to myself in the beginning of the interview, how ironic it was to ask him about his experiences in the Vietnam War (or Vietnam Conflict) while I already read an entire book based upon his personal war stories. I decided to address my ironic thoughts and he responded, â€Å"DidnÊ ¼t you realize? The Ê »TimÊ ¼ I mentioned repeatedly in the book, is not based on me, Tim OÊ ¼Brien, itÊ ¼s a fictional character I embedded within the book! I honestly, did not refer to the real experience I encountered, instead I referred to my own fictional narratives.† Before I asked him my scripted questions, he led the interview towards the two topics I was t o talk about, narrative layering and meta-fiction. Based on everything2.com, the characteristics of works that use both these literary devices include the reference to itself as well as the creation and/or discussion of fictional works by fictitious characters. Tim OÊ ¼BrienÊ ¼s works can be broken down when aiming to identify the application of meta-fiction and narrative layering. Within Speaking of Courage, a character Ê »TimÊ ¼ is present. Written in third person narrative, and having the same name as the author, I personally thought that Tim, the character, was Tim, the writer. Though the literal Tim OÊ ¼Brien addressed that â€Å"I am Tim, Tim OÊ ¼Brien, but Tim is not me.† I gave  him a blank stare, attempting to understand his point then I realized that he used narrative layering within his work. The first layer can be considered as when Tim, the character, heard about BowkerÊ ¼s story, then the story lead to the second layer at which Tim, the writer, made it seem like Bowker is retelling the story. In fact, the whole story itself, is narrated by a fictional narrator, this discovery is and can be seen as the third and final layer. This discovery proves both the application of meta-fiction and narrative layering as it writes fiction based on fiction and is narrated by layers of fiction characters. Even within the beginning pages of the novel, though insignificantly mentioned, it is stated that it is a â€Å"work of fiction† and â€Å"lovingly dedicated to the men of Alpha Company, †¦ Jimmy Cross, Norman Bowker, Rat Kiley, †¦ and Kiowa†. â€Å"Did you realize? I schemed the writing of that page to enhance the fact that this entire novel is a fictional piece. Tim, the character – the fictional character, wrote this page, not Tim as in myself,† he smirked while explaining. â€Å"Within Notes, I began writing by referring to Speaking of Courage, that in itself can show that I referred to my own fictional work – that is meta-fiction,† he clarified. Whilst in On A Rainy River, a statement brings upon the reference of itself – as stated above, this technique can be used to identify the usage of meta-fiction. The narrator of the story explains, â€Å"Now, perhaps, you can understand why IÊ ¼ve never told this story before.† (Pg. 54) – the narrator addresses the story within the story. The story How to Tell A True War Story is the epitome of a meta-fiction-filled work. It starts off stating, â€Å"This is true,† (Pg. 64), then leads to the confusion of readers that if a war story â€Å"seems moral, do not believe it,† as it is a â€Å"very old and terrible lie.† (Pg. 65) Every definition of a Ê »trueÊ ¼ war story within is alternatingly opposed through the differing versions of the fictional characterÊ ¼s narratives. Patricia Waugh declares that meta-fiction-filled work â€Å"selfconsciously and systematically draws attention to its status as an artifact in order to pose questions about the relationship between fiction and reality,† at which is all present within this story. Evidently visible within his work, Tim OÊ ¼Brien demonstrates the usage of both literary decices. Acknowledging the help of these literary devices, he states that narrative layering makes â€Å"the source material stronger and the core story more engaging.†1 While the other literary device, meta-fiction is defined as the act of writing about writing, acts as a tool to remind readers that even though the narratives he writes are fiction, â€Å"sometimes stories can be more real than reality itself.† Using it to the extent of â€Å"foregrounding the fiction of fiction and reality,†2 he applies meta-fiction as how John Barth defines it. He writes based on the imitation of novels/narrative fictions rather than writing fictions based on reality, undeniably present, his works show self-conscious examinations of fiction by referring to itself. Written with excellence, Tim OÊ ¼BrienÊ ¼s works uses both literary devices – he explores thoroughly, the purpose of writing. 1 Goldhammer, G. (2013). Layered Narrative Storytelling: A Journalistic Standard for Creating Content. . Last accessed 23rd May 2014. 2 Waugh, Patricia. Metafiction: The Theory and Practice of Self-Conscious Fiction. NY: Routledge, 1984.

King Lear :: essays research papers

Reaction to Gibbons, Cold Comfort Farm I found the ending to Aunt Ada Doom's story a very Austen-like way of dispelling the myth of the Madwoman in the Attic. And, of course, Flora gets this idea from Mansfield Park. The madwoman, who isn't truly mad to begin with, can be cured with something as simple as a copy of Vogue and a trip to Paris. There is no ongoing psychological torment or dramatic death. Madness can be cured by good, old-fashioned materialism. Perhaps Bertha Rochester could have undergone the same "therapy." Elfine's wedding reception also seems to be a way of putting down Victorian psychological drama and upholding Austen's purism: There they all were. Enjoying themselves. Having a nice time. And having it in an ordinary human manner. Not having it because they were raping somebody, or beating somebody, or having religious mania or being doomed to silence by a gloomy, earthly pride, or loving the soil with the fierce desire of a lecher, or anything of that sort. No, they were just enjoying an ordinary human event, like any of the millions of ordinary people in the world. (217) Lastly, Flora's marriage plot also seemed reminiscent of Austen. Her love affair with Charles is not the primary focus in the novel. Cleanliness, manners, and fashion take precedent before everything else. Only when Flora has cleaned up Cold Comfort and cleansed the farm of its Victorian characteristics can she pursue her own marriage plot. What I love most about Cold Comfort Farm is also what makes it difficult to write about. Gibbons takes many conventions, especially those of the Victorian novel, and turns them on their head. We never learn what Aunt Ada Doom saw in the woodshed, nor why Judith is depressed (besides her weird Oedipal complex for Seth). We never find out about the question of Flora's rights or what happened between her father and his relatives. Gibbons builds up these possibilities for psychological drama and deflates them all by the end of the novel. Her humorous style, and her deflation of all that is psychological and dramatic, really gives the text and Austen-like feel. King Lear :: essays research papers Reaction to Gibbons, Cold Comfort Farm I found the ending to Aunt Ada Doom's story a very Austen-like way of dispelling the myth of the Madwoman in the Attic. And, of course, Flora gets this idea from Mansfield Park. The madwoman, who isn't truly mad to begin with, can be cured with something as simple as a copy of Vogue and a trip to Paris. There is no ongoing psychological torment or dramatic death. Madness can be cured by good, old-fashioned materialism. Perhaps Bertha Rochester could have undergone the same "therapy." Elfine's wedding reception also seems to be a way of putting down Victorian psychological drama and upholding Austen's purism: There they all were. Enjoying themselves. Having a nice time. And having it in an ordinary human manner. Not having it because they were raping somebody, or beating somebody, or having religious mania or being doomed to silence by a gloomy, earthly pride, or loving the soil with the fierce desire of a lecher, or anything of that sort. No, they were just enjoying an ordinary human event, like any of the millions of ordinary people in the world. (217) Lastly, Flora's marriage plot also seemed reminiscent of Austen. Her love affair with Charles is not the primary focus in the novel. Cleanliness, manners, and fashion take precedent before everything else. Only when Flora has cleaned up Cold Comfort and cleansed the farm of its Victorian characteristics can she pursue her own marriage plot. What I love most about Cold Comfort Farm is also what makes it difficult to write about. Gibbons takes many conventions, especially those of the Victorian novel, and turns them on their head. We never learn what Aunt Ada Doom saw in the woodshed, nor why Judith is depressed (besides her weird Oedipal complex for Seth). We never find out about the question of Flora's rights or what happened between her father and his relatives. Gibbons builds up these possibilities for psychological drama and deflates them all by the end of the novel. Her humorous style, and her deflation of all that is psychological and dramatic, really gives the text and Austen-like feel.

Dark Brown Dog by Stephen Crane Essay

_A Dark Brown Dog_ is a short story by the praised realistic author Stephen Crane. Within this piece, Crane takes a different approach to the boy and dog theme by creating an atmosphere of abusiveness. This trait is well incorporated by Crane and can be easily found within the characters that Crane had carefully crafted. Specifically, the abusive trait can be found in varying levels within the father and the young boy. And while the prominence of this sadistic trait remains in the story, the trait helps create a a change in boy and dog’s relationship. In the story, the father’s presence is accompanied by and is synonymous with sadism and abuse. The first incident in which the father appears is when the boy first brings the dark brown dog to his house. Naturally, the family clamors about the dog and scrutinize it to the point where the boy is protesting loudly as to keep the dog. At that moment the father walks into the house in the midst of the yelling and, â€Å"perce ives that it would amaze and anger everybody if such a dog were allowed to remain, he decided that it should be so† (Crane 3). This reflects how the father takes enjoys forcing the family to put up with the presence of the unwanted dog. The incident is also representative of how the father finds pleasure in others suffering, a tenet of sadism. While this incident may not seem to define the father as an abuser, it remains as a hint of the full extent of the father’s sadistic nature. In fact, the entire magnitude of the father’s abusiveness is encapsulated by the turning point of the story in which the boy and the dog come home from one of their adventures only to arrive to the sight of the father throwing cooking utensils in a drunken rage. The sight drove the boy to seek shelter from under a table while the dog trounced around the room excited by the spectacle, unaware of the danger. The dog’s vulnerability and naivety led the father to take advantage of it as he beat the dog with a pan, force the dog into submission, and eventually, â€Å"swung him two or three times hilariously about his head, and then flung him with great accuracy through the window† (Crane 6). The father was clearly enlightened by his ability to prey upon a defenseless dog and to murder him without a second thought. Not only that, but this incident showed how father truly wanted to make the dog suffer as the father unnecessarily twirled the dog around before killing him. To a lesser extent, the boy also exhibits the abusive trait that is found in  his father and instead of inflicting pain on everyone, the boy abuses the dog. For instance, when the boy and the dog first encounter one another, the dog acts playfully with the boy who promptly hit the dog and sent him into a prayer like stance showing the dog’s submission. This submission was foud comical as it was stated that, â€Å"the child was greatly amused and gave him little taps repeatedly, to keep him so† (Crane 1). Superficially, this depicts the child simply amusing himself. However, there exists an underlying layer that reveals the sadistic trait of the child as he finds delight in the dog’s pain and fright. It shows how the child extracts a feeling of superiority over the dog which Crane further establishes in his story by describing the child as a terrible despot and the dog as a subject. In addition to this occurrence, the child had displayed his abusive nature on a separate instance. Crane describes this instance as a general and recurring case as he describes how, â€Å"Sometimes, too, the child would beat the dog, although it is not known that he ever had what truly could be called a just cause† (Crane 4). What is established here is that the child harms the dog for no reason. Through the conclusion derived previously, it is inferred that the child had done this deed because he found pleasure in exerting his might over the dog. This reestablishes how the child exhibits the sadistic traits which his father also bears, only to a lesser degree. Pointedly, Crane crafts the boy to be reflective of his father’s habits. This is done to show the cyclical nature of abuse and how the ones being abused may develop sadistic traits themselves. Regardless, of this fact Crane proceeds to simultaneously illustrate how abuse can shape a relationship. Specifically, the relationship being altered one existing between the boy and the dog. As noted, the boy and the dog first start off with an abusive relationship with power and dominance being held by the boy and a subservient role taken upon by the dog. This is perfectly encapsulated by the fact the dysfunctional family of the boy would often go out of their way to harm the dog and as a result, â€Å"The child became a guardian and friend† (Crane 3), to the dog. This is descriptive of how the abusive nature of the boy’s home had forced him to take upon the role of a protector. What’s more, is that the abusive atmosphere of his home had led the boy to grow a fondness for his new companion and to strive to protect to dog instead of  letting him befall to harm. What solidifies this conclusion is the ending of the story, after the father threw the dog out the window, the family had found the boy, â€Å"seated by the body of his dark brown friend† (Crane 6). When taken a step back, what this shows is how the abuse and sadism surrounding the boy and the dog had altered their relationship from an abusive one to one based upon loyalty and friendship. In conclusion, within the 6 short pages of a _Dark Brown Dog_, Stephen Crane creates characters with a shared and prominent trait of abusiveness. These characters were primarily the father, and to a lesser, but still significant extent, the boy. And while this trait had shaped the characters, it also played a role in defining the course of the boy and dog’s relationship. Case in point, the abusive trait in the story had been integral to _Dark Brown Dog._

Victim Impact Statement

Victim Impact Statement – Drafted by Blanche Dubois Creative Writing Task – English HL Divya Jethwani (12B) Victim Impact Statement – Drafted by Blanche Dubois Creative Writing Task – English HL Divya Jethwani (12B) Your honor, I, Blanche DuBois am here today, as your living example of how a cruel crime can affect a person so radically, bringing in a change so drastic causing them to feel alienated and unwanted.The case with regard to my rape that we address in the court today may just be in relation to a sole crime committed by my darling sister’s husband, Stanley Kowalski; however, in all honesty I feel that I have been victimized right from the day I arrived at their residence at Elysian Fields. It may be a little too late according to the law to discuss a crime almost 5 years after it was committed, however that would only be in order if this crime and its effects were subdued instantly.Although, obviously that wasn’t the case, and eviden tly I am still suffering from the consequences of other people’s actions, I am still labeled as the person who is mentally imbalanced and furthermore, I don’t have enough money to pay off my debts for my stay at the recuperation center anymore. Who is going to restore my reputation? Who is going to pay off these bills that were generated for my recovery after my assault? How do I feel, after all these years, now that I am finally out of the four-walled room in the mental asylum that felt like prison? I feel incompetent, I feel redundant, I feel damaged and lastly I feel broken beyond repair.The years have passed by, but me; I’m still stuck in time, still stuck in that moment when I was whisked away to a mental asylum in opposition to my belief that I was going away with the handsome Shep Huntleigh. Is this fair your honor? Can the emotional scars that are now engraved on me be justified? It is possible to say that I might have been remotely imbalanced earlier du e to my disposition after the loss of our ancestral home, Belle Reve and I also lost my reputation and status back in Laurel for indulging in inappropriate acts with several men. It is also true that I have lost my husband several years go and the loss has been absolutely unbearable causing me to turn to alcohol and other harmful habits, however when I arrived at Stella darling’s house, I expected to receive love, warmth and affection but all I was showered with in return was animosity and a cold shoulder from Stanley Kowalski. It may not have started with an instant hatred; in fact it didn’t start with hatred at all. Stanley appeared to be of a very flirtatious and playful nature on our first encounter. The polygamous type, who may have possibly been sexually attracted to more than one woman, I noticed it instantly but I didn’t let it get to me.I had a sense of respect for the man, after all he is my sister’s husband, however after his act of infidelity, all I can say is that all men are the same, all with selfish desires. The first time I noticed a change in Stanley’s behavior was after the realization that we lost Belle Reve. He started to doubt me, started to believe that I had squandered away the money from the sale of Belle Reve and that I was lying to him and my sister. I do agree that I can be vain quite some times, however I can assure you all present here today I could never be so deceitful to perform such a venal act.The fact that this had planted a seed of doubt in Stanley’s mind started to make me nervous, my insecurities started to emerge and I could not handle this attack on me as a person. Stanley changed so drastically over such a short period of time, and suddenly I know that he has attacked my poor baby sister and planted a slap on her face. Which gentleman does that to his wife during pregnancy your honor? Can this even be considered a human act? Forget slapping your wife during her pregnancy, how c an one explain an act of adultery with your wife’s sister when she is going through labor in the hospital that very night?Chivalry is dead your honor chivalry is dead! That night when my little doll was suffering in hospital delivering his baby, Stanley came home to celebrate the happiness of the new life in the world and instead of celebrating together the birth of this child, the night turned into that of regret, hate and abuse. Stanley thoughtlessly abused my weakness and the fact that I was helpless and couldn’t shout for help at all. He was ruthless; he started yelling at me, called me a dreamer and told me I was imagining all the things that were happening to me and then when I tried to run away from him, he stopped me, blocked my way and I was helpless.I couldn’t run! And then he indignantly assaulted me in my sister’s house†¦ how am I supposed to feel your honor? Stanley Kowalski’s behavior is downright disgusting and filthy. This man is the reason for all the suffering my baby sister faces to date even after the birth of her child. I cannot handle to see her like this your honor, my baby sister; she’s the apple of my eye. Please help her, please help us, and please understand. Punish this brute rightly with the worst punishment ever for this sort of behavior.Your honor, we depend on you and the law for the correct judgment and punishment for all the pain and grief the beast has caused us. Thank You, Blanche DuBois Bibliography: â€Å"A Streetcar Named Desire. † SparkNotes. SparkNotes, n. d. Web. 14 Oct. 2012. . â€Å"AMERICANA – E-Journal of American Studies in Hungary. † AMERICANA: â€Å"Southern Bellehood (De)Constructed: A Case Study of Blanche DuBois† by Biljana OklopA? iA?. N. p. , n. d. Web. 14 Oct. 2012. .

Free Essays on Japans Trade Surplus

I. Issue or problem This article states that Japan is in the middle of a trade surplus gaining 95.6 percent from last year to 902.0 yen (7.33 billion). Economists believe that because of September 11th, shutdowns of key ports especially in the U.S. have caused major contributions shrinking the trade gap. II. Summary The article goes on state that because of these key ports closing, billions of dollars of trade were lost, and a major trade surplus has occurred. It states that exports were up to 14.3 percent from a year earlier, and imports were up to 3.9 percent. This shows clearly the gap between Japans exports and imports. Forecasters are hoping that a slow U.S. economy, and a stronger yen point to a weaker surplus in the months ahead. Although this problem is still occurring it shows in monthly forecasts that since a peak high in July, forecasts are showing a declining trend. It states that Japans exports have been slowing, pushing towards a more steady economy. It also goes on to say that net exports made a negative contribution to japans economic growth in the middle months of July-September quarter for the first time in a year, and that many economists expect this trend to continue. Forecasters are hoping that as winter sets in, the pressure on policy makers will help resolve this is sue of economic recession. It also states that in October, forecasters showed signs of economic recovery due to inflation. III. Key concepts Some of the key concepts stated in this article. First, trade surplus, which we have discussed, is when nations exports of goods exceed its imports of goods, and a trade deficit is vice versa. Also, in our book, we have shown Japan currency (yen) compared to the American dollar. Also, exports and imports, which deal with national trade. Also, net exports which is the difference between exports and imports showing a negative balance. Lastly it states that Japans recovery will partly due to deflatio... Free Essays on Japans Trade Surplus Free Essays on Japans Trade Surplus I. Issue or problem This article states that Japan is in the middle of a trade surplus gaining 95.6 percent from last year to 902.0 yen (7.33 billion). Economists believe that because of September 11th, shutdowns of key ports especially in the U.S. have caused major contributions shrinking the trade gap. II. Summary The article goes on state that because of these key ports closing, billions of dollars of trade were lost, and a major trade surplus has occurred. It states that exports were up to 14.3 percent from a year earlier, and imports were up to 3.9 percent. This shows clearly the gap between Japans exports and imports. Forecasters are hoping that a slow U.S. economy, and a stronger yen point to a weaker surplus in the months ahead. Although this problem is still occurring it shows in monthly forecasts that since a peak high in July, forecasts are showing a declining trend. It states that Japans exports have been slowing, pushing towards a more steady economy. It also goes on to say that net exports made a negative contribution to japans economic growth in the middle months of July-September quarter for the first time in a year, and that many economists expect this trend to continue. Forecasters are hoping that as winter sets in, the pressure on policy makers will help resolve this is sue of economic recession. It also states that in October, forecasters showed signs of economic recovery due to inflation. III. Key concepts Some of the key concepts stated in this article. First, trade surplus, which we have discussed, is when nations exports of goods exceed its imports of goods, and a trade deficit is vice versa. Also, in our book, we have shown Japan currency (yen) compared to the American dollar. Also, exports and imports, which deal with national trade. Also, net exports which is the difference between exports and imports showing a negative balance. Lastly it states that Japans recovery will partly due to deflatio...

Coroporate finance Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Coroporate finance - Research Paper Example Ratio analysis uses data from the financial statements to develop financial formulas that calculate ratios. The purpose of this paper is to utilize ratio analysis to analyze the financial performance of Qatar Telecom Q.S.C. and Vodafone Qatar Q.S.C. during the last two years. Company profile Qatar Telecom Qatar Telecom is the leading telecommunications company in the small Persian Gulf country of Qatar. The company’s landline business operates in a monopoly market since the firm is the only company that provides that service. Some of the services that the company provides to its customers include landlines, wireless communication, internet, and cable television. The firm is a multinational corporation that operates in 17 countries. The majority ownership of the company is held by the government of Qatar who owns 55% of the firm. The remaining 45% is owned by private investors who openly trade their stocks in the Qatar Exchange. Company profile Vodafone Qatar Vodafone is a mult inational corporation in the telecommunication industry that operates in over 30 countries. The firm was founded in 1985. The company has over 403 million customers around the world. The firm has used strategic alliances and partnerships to expand its reach. Its global network of partners is composed of 50 companies. The firm is considered the 7th most valuable brand within its industry. The organization has a diversified portfolio of products and services which includes mobile, business, and marketing solutions. Overview ratio analysis The use of ratio analysis can help companies evaluate the financial performance of an enterprise. The analysis is considered a quantitative tool. One of the advantages of applying ratio analysis is that it is easy to use. Any person that has basic business knowledge can retrieve the financial statements of a company and calculate its ratios. Nine additional advantages of the use of ratio analysis are listed below: Helpful in decision making Helpful i n financial analysis and planning Helpful in communication Helpful in coordination Helps in control Helpful in shareholder’s decisions Helpful in creditor’s decisions Helpful in employees decisions Helpful in governmental decisions (Svtuition, 2011). Another virtue of the use of ratio analysis is its comparability. The ratios of different companies can be compare to evaluate which firm is the better investment alternative. The five major categories of ratios are liquidity, financial leverage, asset efficiency, profitability, and market value ratios. Ratio analysis Qatar Telecom A ratio analysis of Qatar Telecom for the years 2011 and 2012 is illustrated below. 2011 2012 Net margin 18.71% 13.79% Earnings per share QR 14.80 QR 9.88 Return on assets 5.82% 4.93% Return on equity 15.09% 12.60% Current ratio 1.01 1.05 Acid-test ratio 1.00 1.03 Working capital QR 304908000 QR 975749000 Debt ratio 0.61 0.61 Debt to equity 1.59 1.55 Qatar Telecom generated total revenues of QR 33.71 billion in 2012. The sales of the company increase by 6.14% in comparison with the previous year. The firm’s net income in 2012 was QR 5.94 billion. The organization was able to increase its net income by QR 1.3 billion since the previous year. The net margin of the company in 2012 was 13.79%. The net margin is a metric that measures the absolute profitability of the company. It is calculated by dividing net income by total sales.

Legal compliance and negotiations skills Coursework

Legal compliance and negotiations skills - Coursework Example On the other hand, a service mark denotes a unique trademark used in distinguishing a specific service, and commonly applied in advertising (Pakroo & In Stewart, 2014). Whereas trademarks are used in reference to products and service marks in relation to services, the term trademark is used interchangeably for both in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO). A fictitious name denotes any name chosen to identify an operating business as long as it is not the individual’s legal name. Individuals intending to start businesses often chose a fictitious name, which is unique. It is legal to use a fictitious name in the identification of a business so that there is a clear distinction between the individual and the business (Pakroo & In Stewart, 2014). Moreover, when a business involves several partners, it is only rational for them to identify a unique name that they can use in the business world. There are mandatory procedures involved in the registration of a business name. It is critical for the corporation to ensure that the name chosen is available by conducting a search on the USPTO online too. The second step involves the registration with the state at the county offices. For a corporation that intends to operate outside a specific state, it is advisable to register with the federal government. This enables the corporation to have a trademark, which enables it to receive protection. Using a fictitious name in business presents numerous benefits such as ensuring that the company enjoys a clear feasibility in its marketing strategies. It also becomes easier to open and operate bank accounts for the business. Using a unique and fictitious name also presents the business with a high level of credibility among customers and suppliers (Gilson, Lalonde, & Green, 2003). It is critical to register fictitious names so that the identity of the business can be protected. Proper registration ensures that other businesses do not use the same name.